13 July 2023

FutureArcticLives conducts fieldwork in East Greenland

Field work

FutureArcticLives has conducted field work in East Greenland and interviewed two seasoned hunters.

Fanger med isbjørn

In English (Danish below)

April 2023 Work Package 1 of the FutureArcticLives project conducted workshops in East Greenland. Workshops were conducted with representatives of local hunters and fishermen’sorganizations (KNAPK) in Ittoqqortoormiit and Tasiilaq including participants from Sermiligaaq.

During the workshops, Martin R. Nielsen presented a synthesis of available scientific evidence about the status and trends of species caught in each district and showed forecasts of catch based on data from Statistics Greenland. The discussions were facilitated by Ole Larsen, who has thirty years of experience as a hunter and fisherman in Greenland.

The focus of the workshops was to discuss the reasons for ongoing changes in the catch of relevant species and develop plausible scenarios for future changes. While climate change is affecting wildlife distribution and travel in the vast landscapes of East Greenland and hence access to food and income sources, many problems experienced by the hunters and fishers were more concerned with wildlife management rules and regulations or the infrastructure in these remote locations. Therefore, the participating hunters and fishers suggested several scenarios involving investments to support the sector and changing management regulations.

Similar workshops will be conducted in other locations in Greenland, and FutureArcticLives will subsequently explore the welfare consequences for the hunter and coastal fisher household in these scenarios to provide input for informed policy development by the Greenlandic parliament.

During the fieldwork, we also had the opportunity to conduct video interviews with two hunters – Marti in Ittoqqortoormiit and Muusi from Sermiligaaq (the interviews are in Greenlandic but the videos has Danish subtitles). Both are experienced hunters of marine mammals such as polar bears and narwhals. The interviews highlight the pride and joy of the traditional lifestyle of living off the land, collaboration between hunters, and sharing of catch using traditional rules.

The interviews also highlight the uncertain future of the traditional hunters and coastal fishers due to climate change and a strong desire for self-management and abolishment of paradoxical regulations – such as the fact that there are strict quotas imposed on polar bear hunting to ensure sustainable management but also prohibitions preventing international trade of the sustainably hunted hides. Regulations such as this lead to a substantial loss of income for hunters and the accumulation of polar bear skin and narwhal tusks because they can only be sold within Greenland but cannot be transported from Ittoqqortoormiit to West Greenland because the only flight route is via Island.

As is often the case, biologists in Nuuk are seen as the cause of these regulations and hence resented. Hunters furthermore experience that both populations of polar bears and narwhals are plentiful and increasing. However, most hunters do not know that international management bodies provide the biological advice that forms the basis for the quotas through treaties that Greenland has ratified (e.g., CITES) and that the quotas ultimately are set by their elected representatives. The biologist, on their part, struggles to translate local ecological knowledge and statements of “many” to data that can be used in modelling population trends.

Undoubtedly, there is scope for greater use of local knowledge and observations in developing management regulations. Furthermore, Greenland has a relatively limited explored potential for community-based management and monitoring of wildlife populations.

 Interview with Muusi

 På dansk

I april 2023 gennemførte Arbejdspakke 1 i projektet FutureArcticLIves workshops med repræsentanter for lokale fangere og fiskerorganisationer (KNAPK) i Ittoqqortoormiit og Tasiilaq i Østgrønland.

Under workshoppene præsenterede Martin R. Nielsen tilgængelig videnskabelig viden om status og tendenser for de arter, der fanges i disse distrikter, og viste prognoser for fangst baseret på data fra Grønlands Statistik. Diskussionerne blev faciliteret af Ole Larsen, der har tredive års erfaring som fanger og fisker i Grønland.

Workshoppenes fokus var at diskutere årsagerne til de igangværende ændringer i fangsten af relevante arter og udvikle mulige scenarier for fremtidige fangster. Mens klimaforandringerne påvirker mængden og fordelingen af levende ressourcer og transport på isen og sejlads i Østgrønland og dermed adgangen til føde og indkomst, var mange af de problemer, som fangerne og fiskerne oplevede, mere relateret til forvaltningsregler eller infrastrukturen i disse afsidesliggende områder. De deltagende fangere og fiskere foreslog derfor flere scenarier, der involverede investeringer til støtte for sektoren samt ændrede forvaltningsregler.

Lignende workshops vil blive afholdt andre steder i Grønland. Og FutureArcticLives vil efterfølgende undersøge de velfærdsmæssige konsekvenser for fangere og kystfiskere i disse scenarier for at skabe input til informeret beslutningstagen i det grønlandske parlament.

Under feltarbejdet havde vi også mulighed for at foretage videointerviews med to fangere - Marti i Ittoqqortoormiit og Muusi fra Sermiligaaq (interviewsne er på grønlandskmen videoerne har dansk tekst). Begge er erfarne fangere af bl.a. isbjørn og narhval. I interviewene fremhæves stoltheden og glæden ved den traditionelle livsstil, hvor man lever af landets ressourcer, samarbejdet mellem fangere og deling af fangsten efter fastlagte regler.

Interviewene fremhæver også den usikre fremtid for de traditionelle fangere og kystfiskere på grund af klimaforandringer og et stærkt ønske om selvforvaltning og afskaffelse af paradoksale regler - såsom det faktum, at der er strenge kvoter for isbjørnejagt for at sikre en bæredygtig forvaltning, men også forbud, der forhindrer international handel med disse bæredygtigt fangede skind. Regler som disse fører til et betydeligt indtægtstab for fangerne og ophobning af isbjørneskind og narhvalstødtænder, fordi de kun kan sælges i Grønland, og ikke kan transporteres til Vestgrønland fra Ittoqqortoormiit, fordi den eneste flyrute derfra er via Island.

Som det ofte er tilfældet, bliver biologerne i Nuuk set som årsagen til disse reguleringer og er derfor et mål for fangernes harme. Fangerne oplever desuden, at både bestanden af isbjørne og narhvaler er rigelig og voksende. De fleste fangere ved dog ikke, at den biologiske rådgivning, der danner grundlag for kvoterne, kommer fra internationale forvaltningsorganer gennem traktater, som Grønland har ratificeret (f.eks. CITES), og at kvoterne i sidste ende fastsættes af deres folkevalgte repræsentanter. Biologerne på deres side kæmper med at konvertere lokal økologisk viden og udsagn om "mange" til data, der kan bruges til at modellere bestandstendenser.

Der er utvivlsomt behov for en større brug af lokal viden og observationer i udviklingen af forvaltningsregler. Og Grønland er kun i begrænset omfang begyndt at udforske potentialet i lokalt baseret forvaltning og monitorering af naturressourcer.

Interview with Muusi

Topics